Variable strength of top-down effects inNothofagusforests: bird predation and insect herbivory during an ENSO event
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Variable effects of temperature on insect herbivory
Rising temperatures can influence the top-down control of plant biomass by increasing herbivore metabolic demands. Unfortunately, we know relatively little about the effects of temperature on herbivory rates for most insect herbivores in a given community. Evolutionary history, adaptation to local environments, and dietary factors may lead to variable thermal response curves across different sp...
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The diversity of plant neighbors commonly results in direct, bottom-up effects on herbivore ability to locate their host, and in indirect effects on herbivores involving changes in plant traits and a top-down control by their enemies. Yet, the relative contribution of bottom-up and top-down forces remains poorly understood. We also lack knowledge on the effect of abiotic constraints such as sum...
متن کاملEvent-Related Potentials of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing of Emotional Faces
Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present st...
متن کاملEffects of bird predation on some pest insect populations in corn
Intensive agriculture has led to a decrease in biodiversity in many areas of the world. Poisoning birds directly or eliminating habitats suitable for birds within an agricultural landscape, may remove potential control agents of insect pests. The main objective of this project was to investigate the effects of excluding avian species from portions of cornfields through the use of bird-proof net...
متن کاملTop-down event-driven online workflow recognition
In this paper a framework for automatic online workflow recognition in industrial environments where the issue of concurrent activities rises, is presented. The framework consists of three main parts: The first part is devoted to detecting activity in specific Regions of Interest (ROIs) of the video sequence. This is effected by separating each frame into ROIs and representing the resulting sub...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Austral Ecology
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1442-9985,1442-9993
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01933.x